On 24 April 2025, China’s Supreme People’s Court (SPC) and Supreme People’s Procuratorate (SPP) jointly issued the Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in Handling Criminal Cases of Intellectual Property Infringement, which will take effect on 26 April 2025. The Interpretation consists of 31 articles, addressing five major areas: trademark-related offenses (Articles 1–8), patent counterfeiting (Articles 9–10), copyright infringement (Articles 11–15), trade secret violations (Articles 16–21), and general provisions applicable to intellectual property (IP) crimes (Articles 22–30). Among other clarifications, the Interpretation defines key legal standards for terms such as “same category of goods or services,” “identical trademarks,” and “representations of registered trademarks,” and introduces conviction thresholds for trademark counterfeiting in the context of services. It also specifies scenarios that constitute “counterfeiting another person’s patent” and establishes corresponding criminal liability thresholds. With regard to copyright infringement, the Interpretation clarifies the criteria for “without authorization” and “reproduction and distribution,” and sets out specific thresholds for criminal prosecution. In relation to trade secret offenses, it provides standards for determining acts such as “unauthorized electronic intrusion” and what constitutes “serious circumstances.” Additionally, it defines the elements of joint criminal conduct and elaborates on the legal definitions of terms such as “illegal business turnover,” “value of infringing goods,” “sales revenue,” and “illegal gains” in the context of IP infringement. Notably, the Interpretation lowers the thresholds for criminal liability in several areas, including trademark representation violations, patent counterfeiting, and the sale of infringing copies. It also expands the scope of criminal liability for the sale of infringing goods by incorporating criteria such as “sales amount,” “value of goods,” and “number of infringing copies sold” into the determination of guilt. Furthermore, it increases the upper limit for fines based on illegal gains in IP-related criminal cases. Upon its entry into force, this Interpretation will replace three prior judicial interpretations on the same subject jointly issued by the SPC and SPP in 2004, 2007, and 2020, respectively, as well as the Reply on Issues Concerning Audio-Visual Products in Handling Criminal Cases of Copyright Infringement (2005).

The European Union has reformed its design registration system. Key changes inter alia include updated terminology (e.g., “Community Design” becoming “EU Design”) and broadened definitions to encompass animation and non-physical products. The new design system now foresees regulations related to 3D printing, further bridging the gap between the tangible and intangible world. The reform seeks to streamline the filing and examination process and to alter fee structures and renewal periods.  1. Key Points Renewal Period Calculation: Renewal dates are changing, but not entirely from the date of entry into force of the new regulation on 1 May 2025. For renewals due before 1 October 2025, the renewal period ends on the last day of the month in which the design was applied for, and for renewals due on or after 1 October 2025, it ends on the same day of the month as the filing date. Renewal Fee Application: Renewal fees are increasing substantially. The date the renewal request is received is the determining factor for applying the old or new fees, irrespective of payment date. Renewal requests made on or before 30 April 2025 will be at the existing, lower, fees, even if they are for renewals due up to the end of September 2025. Renewal Grace Period: The grace period to renew a design starts the day after the expiry date, and runs for six months. Hence for renewals with an original due date before 1 October 2025, the grace period ends on the last day of the month. For renewals with a due date on or after 1 October 2025, the grace period ends on the same day of the sixth month after the renewal date. The fees for late renewal remain at 25% of the renewal fee, whether under the old or new regimes. Strategic Planning: Applicants should check the filing dates of their designs and plan the renewals due this year strategically. This is especially true if the filing dates fall between 1 May and 30 September, which will allow them to take advantage of the lower fees by renewing before 1 May 2025. The same applies to any planned or unplanned late renewals. 2. What are the key changes introduced by the EU design reform regarding fees for design applications and renewals? The EU design reform introduces significant changes to the fee structure for design applications and renewals. The new fee structure aims to be more transparent and easier to manage by combining separate fees in the application process. Some of the official fees are subject to a reduction, while others are to be increased. Application Fees The reform unifies the previous registration and publication fees into a single application fee. This means applicants now pay one fee that covers both the initial registration of the design and its publication. The new application fee is set at €350 which equals the previous combined registration and publication fee for the first design. For multiple design applications, a flat fee is introduced for each additional design included in the application. This fee is €125 for each additional design up to a total number of 50 for a multiple design application. This replaces the previous system where fees were calculated separately for registration and publication of each additional design. This new single fee for multiple designs is lower than the combined previous combined registration and publication fee (the old fees summed up to €175 per design) up to a total number of 10 designs. From the 11th design onwards, the new single fee for additional designs in a multiple design application (€125 per design) is higher than the old, combined fee (€80 per design). Renewal Fees The reform introduces new renewal fees, which are significantly different from the old fees. The new fees are structured to increase with each renewal period. The fees for each renewal period are: Current fee New fee effective from 1 May 2025 First renewal (after 5 years) €90 €150 Second renewal (after 10 years) €120 €250 Thirds renewal (after 15 years) €150 €400 Fourth renewal (after 20 years) €180 €700 Late fee 25% of the renewal fee for the late payment of the renewal fee or the late submission of the request for renewal 25% of the renewal fee for the late payment of the renewal fee 3. Changes to the calculation of renewal dates Renewals remain due 5, 10, 15 and 20 years after filing, with expiry remaining as 25 years after the filing date. However, the EU design reform introduces changes to how renewal periods are calculated: Old system applicable until 1 May 2025: Under the old system, Registered Community Designs (RCDs) ‘expired’ on the last day of the month in which the anniversary of the filing date falls. The ‘renewal period’ was a six-month window that ended on that end-of-month expiry date. The RCD could be renewed with the late fee in a ‘grace period’ of six months after the end-of-month expiry date. New system applicable from 1 May 2025: The new system foresees that Registered EU Designs (REUDs) expire on the same day of the month as the filing date, not the last day of the month. The ‘renewal period’ is a six-month window ending on the same day of the month as the filing date. The ‘grace period’, in which the REUD can be renewed with the late fee, ends on the same day of the sixth month after the expiry date. 4. Transitional period for calculation of due dates The new EU Designs Regulation failed to include any transitional provisions on the implementation of the new fees and renewal dates, such there was a significant lack of clarity regarding renewals due in September and October 2025 in particular. The Executive Director of the EUIPO therefore issued guidelines on 11 December 2024 setting out transitional provisions, such that the EUIPO will apply the changes to the regulations for the calculation of renewal dates based upon the ‘renewal period’. The old system for renewal calculations will apply for renewal period starting to run before 1 May 2025. For example, the renewal period for a renewal due in September 2025 is calculated under the old system, and is 1 April 2025 to 30 September 2025. The new system of renewal calculations will apply for a renewal period starting to run from 1 May 2025. A key result of these transitional provisions is that, for all renewals due after 1 October 2025, there is no means for filing an earlier request to benefit from the old renewal fees. Examples are provided below. 5. Applicability of the old or new official renewal fee schedule The EUIPO will use the date of receipt of the user’s renewal request as the pivot date for calculating the renewal fees. If a renewal request is received prior to the applicability date of the new regulation (1 May 2025), the old fees apply. If the request is received on or after this date, the new fees apply. This is the case regardless of the payment method or when the payment is processed. For example, it seems that it is possible to request the renewal before 1 May 2025 and then use the EUIPO’s ‘debit later’ option to actually make the payment on or after 1 May 2025, whilst still benefiting from the old, lower fees. Early Renewals: Renewals due up to the end of September 2025 can thus be requested early, before 1 May 2025, using the old fees from the existing regulation. However, renewals due on from October 2025 will be subject to the new fee schedule. Examples are provided below.

The World Intellectual Property Organization’s (WIPO) global intellectual property (IP) registries for patents, trademarks and designs all registered growth in 2024, as enterprises and individuals increased their use of WIPO systems to protect and promote their products in foreign markets. Designs contained in applications filed with the Hague System (International Design System) increased by 6.8% in 2024, while international patent applications filed through WIPO's Patent Cooperation Treaty (International Patent System) increased by 0.5%. And following two consecutive years of decline, WIPO’s Madrid System for the International Registration of Trademarks (International Trademark System) saw a 1.2% increase in filing activity. International patent system (Patent Cooperation Treaty – PCT) Top PCT filers In 2024, the total number of PCT filings reached 273,900, a 0.5% increase compared to 2023. China remained the top source, submitting 70,160 applications. Following China were the US (54,087 applications), Japan (48,397), the Republic of Korea (23,851) and Germany (16,721). While China returned to growth (+0.9%), the US, Japan and Germany experienced declines of 2.8%, 1.2%, and 1.3%, respectively. This marks the third consecutive year of decrease for the US, and the second for both Germany and Japan. In contrast, the Republic of Korea saw strong growth of 7.1% - its 27th successive year of growth. International trademark system (Madrid System) Top Madrid filers After two consecutive years of decline, the total number of international trademark applications filed under WIPO’s Madrid System returned to growth in 2024, totaling 65,000 applications, representing a 1.2% increase compared to 2023. US-based applicants (11,270 applications) filed the largest number of international trademark applications, followed by those located in Germany (6,449), China (5,828), France (4,211) and the UK (3,736). International design system (Hague System) Top Hague filers In 2024, WIPO's Hague System for the international protection of industrial designs saw application numbers reach an all-time high of 27,161 designs. This represents a 6.8% increase, continuing the System's growth for the fourth consecutive year. China was the leading filer in 2024, with 4,870 designs, followed by Germany (4,218 designs), the US (3,034), Italy (2,249) and Switzerland (2,109). Five of the top 10 countries experienced double-digit growth in 2024, with China leading with 29.6% growth, followed by Italy (+23.8%), the Netherlands (+17.4%), the Republic of Korea (+16.8%) and the US (+13.3%). China's overall growth is largely attributable to a substantial increase in filings by Huawei Technologies, which submitted an additional 387 designs in 2024 compared to 2023.